The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. Its main role is to store and release bile, a digestive fluid that helps break down fats. When substances in bile such as cholesterol or bilirubin crystallise, they can form gallstones. These stones may gradually build up over time, ranging from tiny grains of sand to as large as a golf ball.
Gallstones are a common health concern, affecting more than 1 in 10 individuals in Singapore. Many are unaware they have gallstones until symptoms develop. Hence, it is crucial to recognise the onset of symptoms and the potential risks associated with asymptomatic gallstones.
Asymptomatic Gallstones (Silent Gallstones)
Asymptomatic gallstones, also called “silent gallstones,” are gallstones that do not cause any noticeable symptoms or discomfort. They are often discovered incidentally during routine medical exams or imaging tests for other conditions. Since these stones do not interfere with the normal function of the gallbladder, liver or pancreas, they usually do not require treatment.
However, some individuals are more prone to developing gallstones, even without symptoms. Key factors that increase the risk of gallstone formation include:
- Gender: Gallstones are more common in women than in men due to hormonal changes, such as higher oestrogen levels.
- Obesity: Obesity increases bile cholesterol levels, which can lead to gallstone formation.
- Medical Conditions: Gallstones are strongly linked to diabetes, liver disease and rapid weight loss.
Potential Complications of Asymptomatic Gallstones
Asymptomatic gallstones may carry a significant risk of developing serious complications, although they are relatively uncommon without prior symptoms. These potential complications include:
- Cholecystitis: This occurs when the gallstone blocks the cystic duct, causing bile buildup and subsequent inflammation. If left untreated, cholecystitis can cause serious complications, such as gallbladder rupture or infection.
- Acute Pancreatitis: Gallstones may cause acute pancreatitis, a condition where the pancreas becomes inflamed. This occurs when a gallstone blocks the pancreatic duct, preventing digestive enzymes from being released into the small intestine and triggering inflammation.
- Bile Duct Blockage: Gallstones may lodge in the bile duct, which can obstruct the normal flow of bile and lead to infection, yellowing of the skin (jaundice) and intense pain.
- Gallbladder Cancer: Although rare, there is a risk of gallbladder cancer developing in individuals with gallstones. Chronic inflammation caused by gallstones can increase the risk of cancerous cell growth within the gallbladder.
Treatment of Asymptomatic Gallstones
Not all patients with silent or uncomplicated gallstones need treatment. In many cases, an expectant management or “watch and wait” approach is recommended, where the condition is monitored to ensure gallstones do not progress or cause symptoms.
If symptoms or complications develop, surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) becomes the standard treatment. This procedure effectively prevents recurrence and addresses symptomatic gallstones.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you experience sudden or severe pain, unexplained symptoms, or have risk factors for gallstones, such as obesity, pregnancy, age or family history, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider. Your doctor can discuss screening options and may recommend monitoring during regular checkups to track your gallbladder health. Paying attention to any new symptoms can also help with the early detection of gallstones.
Do not wait for silent or uncomplicated gallstones to progress into a serious health problem. At our gallbladder clinic in Singapore, we offer personalised diagnosis and treatment for gallstones and related conditions. Call 6235 4088 today to schedule a consultation and receive comprehensive, supportive care.